Types of Personality Disorders

Personality is the unique way an individual thinks, feels, and behaves, shaped by both genetic and environmental factors. Personality disorders are enduring patterns of thinking and behavior that deviate from cultural norms, cause distress, and interfere with daily functioning. These disorders typically affect at least two of the following areas:

Self-Concept – How one views themselves and their identity.

Emotional Responses – The ability to regulate emotions appropriately.

Social Relationships – The way one interacts with others and maintains relationships.

Impulse Control – The ability to manage impulses and make sound decisions.

Common personality disorders include:

Cluster A (Odd or Eccentric) – Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal Personality Disorders, often involving social detachment and distorted thinking.

Cluster B (Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic) – Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic Personality Disorders, characterized by intense emotions, impulsivity, and unstable relationships.

Cluster C (Anxious or Fearful) – Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders, marked by excessive fearfulness, insecurity, or rigid thinking.

Diagnosis typically requires long-term assessment by a mental health professional and is generally not made before the age of 18. Treatment primarily involves psychotherapy, such as dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), or group therapy, to help individuals develop healthier coping mechanisms and improve interpersonal relationships. While medication may be used to manage specific symptoms like depression or anxiety, there is no singular medication for personality disorders. Additionally, self-care strategies, including stress management, physical activity, and avoiding substances, can support overall well-being. With the right treatment and support, individuals can learn to navigate challenges and improve their quality of life.